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The Cattell–Horn–Carroll theory, or CHC theory, is a psychological theory of human cognitive abilities that takes its name from Raymond Cattell, John L. Horn and John Bissell Carroll. Recent advances in current theory and research on the structure of human cognitive abilities have resulted in a new empirically derived model commonly referred to as the ''Cattell–Horn–Carroll theory of cognitive abilities''. CHC theory of cognitive abilities is an amalgamation of two similar theories about the content and structure of human cognitive abilities. The first of these two theories is Gf-Gc theory (Raymond Cattell, 1941; Horn 1965), and the second is Carroll's (1993) Three-Stratum theory. Carroll's expansion of Gf-Gc theory to CHC theory was developed in the course of a major survey of research over the past 60 or 70 years on the nature, identification, and structure of human cognitive abilities.〔Flanagan, D. P., & Harrison, P. L. (2005). Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests, and issues. (2nd Edition). New York, NY: The Guilford Press〕 That research involved the use of the mathematical technique known as factor analysis. In comparison to other well-known theories of intelligence and cognitive abilities, CHC theory is the most comprehensive and empirically supported psychometric theory of the structure of cognitive and academic abilities.〔McGrew, K. S. (2005). The Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory of cognitive abilities: Past, present, and future. In D. P. Flanagan, J. L. Genshaft, & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests, and issues (pp.136–182). New York: Guilford.〕 The CHC model was expanded by McGrew (1997), later revised with the help of Flanagan (1998). Later extensions of the model are detailed in McGrew (2011)〔McGrew, K. http://www.iapsych.com/CHCPP/CHCPP.HTML Retrieved 12/6/2011.〕 and Schneider and McGrew (2012)〔Schneider, W. J. , & McGrew, K. S. (2012). The Cattell-Horn-Carroll model of intelligence. In D. Flanagan & P. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests, and issues (3rd ed., pp. 99–144). New York: Guilford.〕 There are a fairly large number of distinct individual differences in cognitive ability, and CHC theory holds that the relationships among them can be derived by classifying them into three different strata: stratum I, "narrow" abilities; stratum II, "broad abilities"; and stratum III, consisting of a single "general ability" (or ''g'').〔 == Abilities == There are 9 broad stratum abilities and over 70 narrow abilities below these. The broad abilities are 〔Flanagan, D. P., Ortiz, S. O., & Alfonso, V. C. (2007). Essentials of cross-battery assessment. (2nd Edition). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc〕 *Crystallized Intelligence (''Gc''): includes the breadth and depth of a person's acquired knowledge, the ability to communicate one's knowledge, and the ability to reason using previously learned experiences or procedures. *Fluid Intelligence (''Gf''): includes the broad ability to reason, form concepts, and solve problems using unfamiliar information or novel procedures. *Quantitative Reasoning (''Gq''): is the ability to comprehend quantitative concepts and relationships and to manipulate numerical symbols.〔 *Reading & Writing Ability (''Grw''): includes basic reading and writing skills. *Short-Term Memory (''Gsm''): is the ability to apprehend and hold information in immediate awareness and then use it within a few seconds. *Long-Term Storage and Retrieval (''Glr''): is the ability to store information and fluently retrieve it later in the process of thinking. *Visual Processing (''Gv''): is the ability to perceive, analyze, synthesize, and think with visual patterns, including the ability to store and recall visual representations. *Auditory Processing (''Ga''): is the ability to analyze, synthesize, and discriminate auditory stimuli, including the ability to process and discriminate speech sounds that may be presented under distorted conditions.〔 *Processing Speed (''Gs''): is the ability to perform automatic cognitive tasks, particularly when measured under pressure to maintain focused attention. A tenth ability, Decision/Reaction Time/Speed (''Gt''), is considered part of the theory, but is not currently assessed by any major intellectual ability test. For this reason, it does not appear in cross-battery reference materials. *Decision/Reaction Time/Speed (''Gt''): reflects the immediacy with which an individual can react to stimuli or a task (typically measured in seconds or fractions of seconds; not to be confused with Gs, which typically is measured in intervals of 2–3 minutes). McGrew proposes a number of extensions to CHC theory, including Domain-specific knowledge (''Gkn''), Psychomotor ability (''Gp''), and Psychomotor speed (''Gps''). In addition, additional sensory processing abilities are proposed, including tactile (Gh), kinesthetic (Gk), and olfactory (Go).〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cattell–Horn–Carroll theory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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